National audienceInspired by the Australian education policy, this paper assesses the issue of the implementation of tuition fees and income contingent loan schemes for higher education in France. Based on a dynamic microsimulation model which allows simulating career diversity for a given diploma we show (i) that the negative impact on return to education is small and (ii) that the hierarchy of diplomas is not changed. These results indicate that implementation of such a scheme should not modify education choices.Cet article montre que la mise en place conjointe de droits d'inscription en lien avec les dépenses publiques par tête d'étudiant et de prêts à remboursement conditionnel au revenu, inspiré de l'expérience australienne en la matiè...