This thesis is a biographical study of the career and works of Gaspard-Gustave de Coriolis (1792-1843), a well known name whose scientific contribution is less known. He spends his entire teaching career at the École polytechnique and École des ponts et chaussées; Coriolis sheds light on these institutions, namely through his private mail from 1838 to his death. Regarding his scientific work, his contribution as a pure mathematician is recalled. His entire work is characterized by a theoretical and mathematical approach of applied mechanics; it lays the foundations of a theory of work. Through his important scientific results, as the definition of work or the composed centrifugal forces (Coriolis force), Coriolis makes a link between ration...