Reconsidering the authorship of the Qur'an. : Is the Qur'an partly the fruit of a progressive and collective work?

International audienceContents of the contribution: 1. Introduction. 2. The Islamic tradition and another history of the Qur'an. 3. The informants of Muhammad. 4. The topos "Holy! Holy: (Quddus! Quddus!) or the "helpers" of Muhammad (Khadija, Waraqa b. Nawfal, and so and so) who "made him a Prophet". 5. The case of Zayd b. Thabit, secretary ot the revelation and "editor" of the Qur'an. 6. The problem of the language of the Qur'an. 7. The Islamic theological basis. 8. The Arabists' hypotheses on the language of the Qur'an. 9. The ancient Christian or Syriac connection. 10. Is an ancient Christian or Syriac connection possible?. 11. Historical background for Luxenberg's hypothesis. 12. Conclusion: Towards a critical reconstruction ot the Qur'an