The research examines the development of the wind energy policy as an example of an open and complex implementation process. The wind energy policy is conceived here as a collective process through which landscape is created, judged upon and stabilised. The work is based on selected case studies in Germany, France and Portugal (13 case studies in total, 5 in France, 4 in Germany and 4 in Portugal). The concept of landscape used here encompasses the notions of a national culture of landscape, as well as that of local traditions and landscape management institutions. Our analysis highlights the links between landscape, wind power policy and planning institutions. Our findings show that landscape is a resource for the management of the energy ...