The central aim of this research project was to evidence possible influences of relationships with animals on children with autistic disorders. To investigate this complex issue, we drew on multidisciplinary (ethological, psychological and child psychiatric) competences and used their different methodologies, i.e. clinical evaluation, questionnaires and observation under everyday and experimental conditions. I compared these data for children with autism to data for a control group of children developing typically. The results revealed that children with autism are receptive to their social environment, the development of their early language being correlated to their parents' education. In addition, pets can be considered as 'social' partn...