A new approach for the measure of urbanization in Europe allows to redefine urban features that are often being put forward to characterize the continent. The original data used to this purpose are drawn from the Europolis database, which lists 10 000 urban population agglomerations identified from a broader database that includes 250 000 population units representative of the population of Europe, including Russia and Turkey. For each country and each urban population agglomeration, population estimates are given for 22 dates at the beginning of each decade from 1800 to 2010. The set of statistical indicators extracted from the database shows a clear long-term tendency to population dispersion: This trend explains various urban features su...