For 25 years, more than 200 people have died in Southern France due to flooding (Vaison -la-Romaine in 1992, Aude in 1999, Gard in 2002, Var in 2010 ...). Preserving populations appears to be a government priority, however we still lack a comprehensive characterization of the vulnerability of people face to hydrometeorological phenomena. This thesis assumes that the mortality from natural disasters is not accidental. It reflects structural and circumstantial vulnerabilities. The detailed analysis of the circumstances of death and profiles of victims highlights the factors that determine mortality in this phenomena and help to improve disaster prepearedness. This work is based largely on the building of a georeferenced database for the perio...