International audienceThe economists who has contributed to the development of General Equilibrium Theory and the historians of Economic Analysis agree upon the fact that the nature of competition has been understood as a revelating process or as a result of antagonisms among agents, or as a state much or less perfect or pure defined a set of hypothesis. The Theory of General Equilibrium belongs to the second definition. We show, here, that this interpretation has not always been intended by Léon Walras. Both conceptions are present in its work, notably if we analyse the existing relation between the market "une fois pour toute" (one shot market) and the permanent market, between statics and dynamics and between pure, appllied and social ec...