This Ph.D. aims to show that French periurban areas are different each other: morphology and size of settlements differs according to which part of the country the city is in. A geography of French periurban areas is proposed. Then the author compares periurban patterns with public transport costs that serve these areas (using theoretical networks created for this work). It allows showing how some periurban patterns may be easier to serve with public transports than others.In a second time a case study is proposed for the agglomeration of Montpellier. This case study gives clues to understand new mobility patterns in low density areas and the emergence of polarities outside of the historical city. These new urban dynamics highlights the nee...