This thesis applies an Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis (ESDA) approach to study a complex phenomenon in a data scarce environment: malaria infection in Dakar. Each component of the malaria pathogenic system is necessary but not sufficient to result in an infection when acting in isolation. For malaria infection to occur, three components need to interact: the parasite, the vector, and the human host. The identification of areas where these three components can easily interact is therefore essential in the fight against malaria and the improvement of programs for the prevention and control or elimination of the disease. ESDA, still rarely applied in developing countries, is thus defined as a research approach but also as a way to provide a...