International audienceThis study is a reexamination of the Rasulid Hexaglot, one of the most emblematic texts of the multilingualism that flourished in the Islamic East during the Mongol Age. The discovery of a previously unknown preface to this six-language glossary invites historians to resituate it in the wider context of the scholarly activities of al-Afḍal, “grammarian-king” and Sultan of Yemen (1363-1377). It also brings to light several ideological dimensions of this attempt to order the world through the use of linguistics. More widely, the article calls for a reconsideration of the place of western Arabia in the cultural transformation of the Islamic world from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century.Cette étude traite de l'un des...