[[alternative]]A Study on the way of Trading Dispute Settlement and a analysis of Legal Coherence between European Union & World Trade Organization

[[abstract]] 人類早期文明商業行為的開始是以貝殼為貨幣交易，國際貿易的歷史，自初期以貨易貨的貿易行為，到18世紀末所盛行的重商主義時代，並沒有組織性的國際貿易團體或法律規則成為規範。 始自20世紀，初有GATT的國際性關稅組織的誕生；並且在後期有WTO協定的國際貿易組織成立，為國際間的貿易活動建立一套規範協定，使其有助於國際自由貿易盛行。 但國際貿易發展自今，在區域性貿易組織中，首推以歐洲聯盟為目前國際上最強大的區域經濟組織體，該組織的經貿法律規定是否會與目前也是世界上擁有最多會員國的國際多邊經貿組織WTO的協定有相容性或是有非相容性呢？正是本研究的首開重點之一。 其次，有延續性的將上述主題，接續研究這些國際性的經貿組織間，因貿易所發生的衝突，即所謂的貿易爭端問題，又是如何解決？ 最後，將研究使用數量經濟方法輔之WTO爭端解決的法律仲裁之有效性如何？以及WTO爭端解決小組及上訴機構是使用那些種類的數量經濟分析方法，做為輔助公正裁判爭端當事國之間的貿易爭端，並舉出其使用過的案例，予以證明之。 因此，本研究結果發現：一、 歐盟對於除了WTO的前言規定的法律效力有直接適用之效力外，其它各附件之法律規定，都必須經過歐盟執委會的審查過後，才能適用，所以歐盟整體而言，無論是對WTO協定或是各種國際條約或協定，都必須先經過審查通過後，才有適用其各會員國中的效力，此即是國際法中所謂的間接效力的適用。二、 目前WTO爭端解決中除適用其「爭端解決規則議定書」外還有適用其「反傾銷協定」、「補貼暨平衡措施協定」、「安全防衛協定」等3種協定處理爭端案件。 三、 應用數量經濟分析的工具如：以「Armington彈性模型」、「價格交差彈性」、「線性廻歸分析」、「財務報表分析」、「因果關係和非因果關係」分析等方法，可以輔助WTO解決爭端案件，做為有效公平之判決。[[abstract]] It did not have an international trade organization or law to be formed a norm before, since the end of 18th century the mercantilism has became much prevails. And a pre-market at early era where economies relied on using barters or exchanges by shells for transaction. And it was taken place in mankind’s early civilization of international trading history. For making a contribution on the international trade liberalization prevalently, it is necessary to set up a criterion of agreement among the international trade activities. And it starting until to the end of 20th century has established the world trade organization since GATT had established. The first point on this thesis is The WTO agreement has lots of members on the world trade organization on present, and whether its legal relationship with European Union law has coherent or not ? which is thus one of main point on my study, because she is not only the most powerful regional economics organization on the world to date but it also the world trade activities developed rapidly now. Secondly, how to solve the trade dispute settlement when the trade conflict has happened, it will be studied above issues continually. Finally, will be proved the Appellate Body /Panel body on WTO had been used what kind of quantitative economics analysis which helped solving some case law during the trade dispute settlement between complaining member and defendant member, otherwise, will be studied how the quantitative economics analysis can take a good effect to help the arbitrator on WTO? Consequently, on this study I have found： 1. The attachments of WTO or others agreements had been necessarily examined by European commission in which WTO agreement would be applied by indirection, but for the preamble on WTO. In general to EU, it is necessary be examined by EU whenever what kinds of International Treaties in which applied in member states. This is so-called indirect application in the International law. 2.In addition to “Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the Settlement of Disputes, DSU” was applied in WTO agreement, also there has three sorts of agreement helps to solve trade dispute that is “the Anti-Dumping agreement, AD ”、“The Agreement on Subsidies and Countervailing Measures, SCM”, “the Safeguards Agreement, SA”. 3. Using quantitative economic analysis the particular measure such as “Armington elasticity ”, “cross-price elasticity”, “Regression analysis”, “ financial analysis”, “causation and non-causation analysis”, it could be a instrumental in fair adjudication on WTO dispute settlement process.