[[alternative]]Using MDUX to Evaluate National Status and Tendency of Environmental Performance

[[abstract]] 「環境指標（Environmental Indicator, EI）」係評估國家在追求經濟發展過程中造成環境損害程度最佳的工具，世界各國紛紛制定符合國際共識及國家狀況的環境指標系統，我國「行政院永續發展委員會」亦於2003年6月訂定「台灣永續發展指標系統」，而其中環境指標為永續發展指標中重要的評估項目之一。 然目前此類環境指標系統大多過於複雜、艱深，不易為一般大眾所瞭解。 本研究依照德國環境指標(Deutscher Umweltindex, DUX)模式，包括六項副指標：氣候、空氣、土壤、水、能源、原材料等，這些副指標之選擇主要係考量社會、經濟及民眾所關切的問題所決定。在考量我國環境統計基本資料項目及表現方式與德國有相當差異性，乃做適當修正成為MDUX（Modification of DUX）環境指標，來評估我國環境品質現況及未來發展趨勢，MDUX環境指標因結合設定之國家「環境願景值」，故本研究稱之為「MDUX環境願景指標」。MDUX以達到『量度國家環境政策優劣、提示國家環境整體變化情形、提高全民環境意識、引起公眾討論、導引環境政策發展』之目的。並以得分多寡方式表示我國整體環境發展的現況；以正負得分方式表示相對基礎年環境狀況，是朝向或背離所設定的整體及個別副指標改善目標，運用簡化表達環境品質狀況的指標計分方式，使一般公眾更容易瞭解。 研究結論顯示， MDUX願景指標系統確能做為國家環境品質現況及趨勢的評估工具，但試算結果在『氣候』副指標項負分情形非常顯著，因此本研究藉由「環境顧志耐曲線理論」，進一步探討在該副指標因子－『二氧化碳排放量』與GDP間的關係，結果發現二者並未呈現代表污染程度將隨經濟成長而反轉的倒U字形關係，本研究並深入研析其所代表的意義並提出政策擬定建議。[[abstract]] 「Environmental Indicator, EI」is the best tool for evaluating national environment situation during the national economic developing. In June 2003, the National Council for Sustainable Development, Executive Yuan, Taiwan, ROC (NCSDE, ROC), also set up an indicator system for Sustainable Development (SD) named “Taiwan SD Indicator System＂. And the EI is the most important part of that system. But, most of the EI systems are too complicate and hard to be understood by public. This research follow the model of Germany Environmental Indicator (Deutscher Umweltindex, DUX), includes six different sub-indicators: Climate, Air, Soil, Water, Energy and Raw Material. The choices of these six sub-indicators are considered for the situations of social, economic and the problems that are concerned by public. Owing to the differences of the basic of environmental statistic items between Taiwan and Germany, we make some adaptive modifications of DUX, and name it “MDUX＂ (Modification of DUX), then use MDUX to evaluate Taiwan’s status and tendency of environmental performance. The purposes the indicator of MDUX are: to show the excise results of national environmental policy and the changes of national environment in past time, to arise the environmental conception of public, to occur the environmental policy discussion in public media, to lead the direction of national environmental policy. The result is showed by the type of score, for easing to be understood by public. Getting more score present the better national environmental situation, and positive or negative score present the change direction is toward or backward the set up goal. The study results have shown, MDUX is a good tool for indicating the country’s environmental performance and tendency. But the negative score of sub-indicators, climate, is very noticeable. So we apply the theory of Environmental Kuznet’s Curve EKC, to assess the relationship between Green House Gas－Carbon Dioxide’s emission and GDP. The results show up that “ there is not an EKC, but a linear relation between CO2 emissions and GDP per capita in Taiwan”. In other words, the Taiwan’s CO2 emission is kept an increasing trend with the GDP per capita