[[alternative]]An Investigation of Elementary Parental Attitudes Towards Life and Death Education∼An Example of Chia-yi County

[[abstract]] 本研究的主要目的，在於了解國小家長對生死及生死教育的態度，進而探討影響國小家長生死及生死教育態度的相關因素、國小家長生死態度與生死教育態度之間的關係及國小家長對小學實施生死教育的內涵需求。最後根據研究結果，提出具體建議，以作為日後推動國小生死教育之參考。 本研究以嘉義縣國小家長為研究對象，採分層隨機取樣的方法，共取得864名樣本數，得有效樣本698名，佔總樣本數之80.79%，進行問卷調查。使用工具為研究者參考國內外相關文獻，編纂而成的「國小家長對生死教育態度問卷」。將所得資料，分別以描述性統計、t檢定、單因子變異數分析和Pearson積差相關等統計方法，進行資料分析。獲得如下的結論：一、國小家長對生死有正向的態度。二、國小家長對生死教育有中等以上的態度。三、女性家長對兒童期死亡相關議題的認知顯著高於男性家長。四、不同性別、年齡、職業、教育程度、社會保險、子女數及經濟狀況的家長其「生死的感受」有顯著的差異。五、不同性別、教育程度、宗教信仰、社會保險及經濟狀況的家長其生死教育態度有顯著的差異。六、家長因「小孩學業表現」及「小孩可理解死亡程度」之不同，在生死的認知上有顯著的差異。七、不同環境經驗變項的家長在「生死的感受」上有顯著的差異。八、不同環境經驗變項的家長其生死教育態度有顯著的差異。九、國小家長生死態度與生死教育態度之間有顯著的正相關。家長對生死的態度愈正向，其對生死教育的需求度與接受度愈高。十、國小家長在生死教育內涵需求方面認為小學較重要的生死教育課題如下：1、生命的週期，主題為：了解大自然的生命循環、動植物的生命循環與人類的生命過程。 2、珍惜生命，主題為：了解人的壽命難以預測，要知道身體的保健、體驗生命中的失落，處理情緒問題。 3、青少年與自殺問題，主題為：討論青少年及社會自殺問題，進而尊重生命。 4、臨終照護，主題為：如何與重病者相處及協助照顧。 5、死別的傷慟，主題為：了解親友死亡時的情緒反應及對生者的影響。 根據上述研究結論，分別就「家長」、「國小教師」、「學校行政」、「教育行政單位」以及對未來研究提出具體的建議，以供參考。[[abstract]] The purposes of this study are to understand the attitudes toward life-death and life-death education of the elementary parents, to explore the factors that affect parents’ attitudes toward life-death and life-death education, the relationships between them, and the needs of life-death education of the elementary students from the parental viewpoint. Finally, to provide specific suggestions to be the reference based on the findings of the study to the development of life and death education in elementary schools. Questionnaire survey has been adopted in this study, and that samples were the elementary parents of Chia-yi County. Under the method of stratified random sampling, picking 864 parents as the study samples, and gets 698 valuable samples. The retrieving rate is 80.79 percent, altogether. The research instrument entitled “The Elementary Parental Attitudes Towards Life and Death Education Questionnaire” was edited by the researcher from the offshore and the domestic literatures. The material was analyzed through statistical approaches such as descriptive statistics, T test, one way ANOVA and Pearson product-moment correlation, etc. The main findings are as follows: 1. The elementary parents expressed positive attitudes toward life and death. 2. The elementary parents expressed above moderately attitudes of life-death education. 3. The female parents had more knowledgeable concerning childhood death-related topics than male parents. 4. Differences of life-death attitudes among parents with different sex, age, vocation, educational level, assurance, numbers of children and the state of economy were significant. 5. Differences of the attitudes toward life-death education among parents with different sex, educational level, religiosity, assurance, and the state of economy were significant. 6. Differences of life-death knowledge among parents with different school lessons performance of child and the level of reasonable with death were significant. 7. Differences of life-death attitudes among parents with different surrounding backgrounds were significant. 8. Differences of attitudes toward life-death education among parents with different surrounding backgrounds were significant. 9. There was a significant positive correlation between parents’ attitudes toward life-death and parents’ attitudes toward life-death education. The more positive attitudes toward life-death, the higher they needed and accepted life-death education. 10. Parents suggested the following list of topics were more important of the contents of life and death education program at elementary school：1). The cycle of life: Life cycle in nature as manifested by plant and animal life. The human life cycle ~ birth, growth, aging, disease, and death. 2). To treasure life: To understand that the life expectancy is unpredictable and know how to take care health, to experience the loss of life and to cope with the emotions. 3). The problems of adolescence and suicide: To discuss the suicidal problems concerned with the adolescence and society, then to respect to the life. 4). Hospice: How to live with the terminals and assist family members to tale care them. 5). The bereavement of death: To understand the emotions when relatives died, and the affections to the survivors. Based on the findings of this study, some suggestions are offered to the parents, to the elementary school teachers and administrations, to the educational administrative organizations, and to the future research about this field