[[alternative]]A Study on Foreign Labor Issues in Germany

[[abstract]] 近來移民議題在西歐國家引發了廣泛的討論，其中尤以德國為最。由於德國一向不承認自己是一個移民國家，所以其對於外籍人士的政策格外引人注目。六○年代至八○年代間德國大量引進外籍勞工，政府稱之為”Gastarbeiter”(客籍勞工)。至九○年代，客籍勞工的概念早已不符實際，德國早是一個擁有各式外國人的國家，包括客籍勞工的家眷、來自世界各地尋求庇護的難民及非法移民等。 由於德國境內高比例的外國人，當前德國必須面對的四個移民相關議題有：一、整合長期居留德國的外籍勞工；二、難民的收容；三、歐盟東擴後所帶來的移民潮；以及四、如何建立一個適合德國的移民政策。 針對上述德國當前所面對的外籍勞工問題，本論文分為五部分來探討。首先於第二章回顧德國如何從一個移民輸出國，演變成為一個接納客籍勞工及收容尋求政治庇護者的移民國家，針對德國外籍勞工引進之相關背景及其對社會所造成的衝擊，做一概括性的介紹。由於移民影響的層面不只是在勞動市場與經濟，而是廣達文化及社會等層面，故繼續論述外籍勞工與德國社會經濟之互動關係，並分析其對德國文化、身份認同、社會統整、教育與極右勢力興起等層面之衝擊。 繼而筆者在第三章描述當前德國境內外勞之概況，對象不只半世紀前德國政策性引進的外籍勞工，也包含了來自世界各地尋求政治庇護的難民，以及隨著全球化腳步所帶來的非法移民潮。 第四章則是針對德國柯爾政府和現任施洛德政府之外國人政策做一比較，以及歐盟東擴對德國可能造成之衝擊做分析，最後對德國施洛德政府提出的新移民政策做一介紹。[[abstract]] For decades, immigrate issues have caused extensive problems and attention in West- European countries, especially in Germany. Germany became a country of immigration since 1960s, the foreign workers were called “Gastarbeiter” (guest workers). During the 1990s, Germany became a magnet for diverse foreigners, including the families of settled guest workers, illegal foreign workers, and asylum seekers from throughout the world. In 2000, there were 7.3 million foreigners in Germany. Although they stayed here for a long time, they won’t get the passport of Germany. Germany now should face four major immigration- related issues, that have roots in past policy decisions: integration, asylum, EU enlargement, and an immigration policy making. This thesis was organized in five parts. Excluding the introduction, and in the Chapter2 reviews Germany’s evolution from a country of emigration to a land of immigrant between 1960s and 1980s, as guest workers settled and asylum seekers arrived. And of course we should examine the social effects caused by immigration in Germany. In Chapter3, it refers to the problems caused by illegal foreign workers and asylum seekers. Chapter4 focused on introduction of the German immigration policies, which was made by the Schröder coalition government, and the probably effects after the fifth EU enlargement