[[alternative]]The Competitiveness of Taiwanese far sea fishing industry--A Political economic Perspective

[[abstract]]二次大戰後，國民政府接收台灣時，漁業是滿目瘡痍，百廢待興，漁業生產受到最嚴重影響。戰勝後，美國正式取代日本成為西太平洋區域的霸權。1950年6月25日韓戰的爆發，使得美國重新重視台灣的地位。美國基於本身的政治戰略利益，於是藉著優勢的政治與經濟力量，開始協助國民政府建設台灣、鞏固台灣，當然包括台灣的漁業發展。 台灣運用美援貸款協助貧苦漁民建造漁船，實施「漁船放領」以達漁者有其船之目標。第一批漁船 57 艘於1953年10月28日在高雄市擲瓶下水，美國漁業顧問亞當士（Adams）應邀參加致詞，盛況空前，也為台灣漁業奠下了成功的基礎。 近年來台灣漁業總產量已超過130萬公噸，總產值近新臺幣千億元，全體漁業產量世界排名前二十位。而遠洋漁業每年總產量約85萬公噸，產值約計新台幣500億元，其中鮪魚產量居世界第二位，魷魚產量亦為世界第三位，並已是全世界六大公海捕魚國之一。我國作為世界主要遠洋漁業大國，擁有遠洋漁船達2,000餘艘，作業海域遍佈三大洋。 從行政院漁業署的遠洋漁業統計資料中，得到一個非常有趣的數據，那就是從1953年-1999年間，我國遠洋漁業在46年中，漁獲量成長36倍，漁值成長將近500倍。知己知彼百戰百勝乃至理名言，本文作者嘗試從政治、經濟等不同領域和層面去探討台灣遠洋漁業產業的競爭力，希冀能找出台灣遠洋漁業能快速成長的因果關係，如此我國才能繼續在遠洋漁業維持優勢；設若國際局勢倘有變動，我們也可以事先站在國家利益之上，及早規劃因應之道，這才是上上之策。 目前台灣的遠洋漁業依然站在優勢地位，但幾十年後由於比較利益優勢漸失，競爭條件漸弱，勢必要及早與其他國家合作建立策略聯盟關係，以利爾後國際競爭。而中國大陸所提供的廉價漁工和龐大的市場，將使大陸成為亞太地區最有潛力的明日之星，也正是台灣遠洋漁業業者合作最佳的選擇。 設若中共真的變成世界最大經濟體，屆時我國遠洋漁船的設備、捕獲的魚種等，勢必會有很大的改變。這個可能性將隨著中共經濟日復一日的發展，愈來愈明顯。然而，目前還很少有研究此議題的學者注意到這個變化，更談不上研究了！所以本研究擬運用兩岸漁業統合論，來作為台灣突破遠洋漁業困境的一種可能性思考方向。 台灣遠洋漁業未來能否繼續發展的機會點，將與今後兩岸互動關係的良否息息相關，可說：「成也兩岸，敗也兩岸」！[[abstract]]After the Second World War, when the Kuomintang took over Taiwan from the Japanese, the fishing industry was in a poor state because the war had had a very strong effect on it. After winning the war, American took over as the Pacific superpower. When the Korean War exploded on the 25th of June, 1950, this caused America to once again focus on Taiwan. For its own military and political benefit, America used its economic and political power to help the Kuomintang strengthen Taiwan. This included helping the development of its fishing industry. Taiwan used American aid to help poor fishermen build their own fishing boats. A policy called ‘Fishing Boat Ownership’ permitted fishermen to own their own boat. On the 28th of October 1953, in Kaohsiung fishing harbor, Mr Adams, the American counsellor for the fishing industry, made a speech at a ceremony marking the launching of the first 57 fishing boats, thus setting in motion the re-establishment of the Taiwanese fishing industry. In recent years, the Taiwanese fishing yield has exceeded one million three hundred thousand tons, bringing in a hundred billion NT dollars in revenue, placing Taiwan in 20th position in the world in terms of fishing yield. Every year its far sea fishing industry has a yield of 850,000 tons valued at 50 billion NT dollars. Taiwan holds second place in the world for tuna yield, third place for squid and is one of the world’s six biggest fishing nations. Taiwan is therefore an important fishing nation , with more than 2000 boats at its disposal fishing in all three oceans. Based on far sea fishing statistics, from 1953 to 1999 , a period of 46 years, the fishing yield increased 36 times, and the value of the fishing industry grew by almost 500 times. In this thesis, the author proposes to examine and elucidate the reasons behind the rapid growth of the Taiwanese fishing industry, both from a political and an economic perspective. Thus, this study can benefit the Taiwanese fishing industry in future. Currently, the Taiwanese fishing industry is in a strong position ; however in future decades it may lose this position. It is therefore imperative that it establish cooperative links with other countries in order to strengthen its competitiveness. Taiwan’s best choice of cooperative fishing partner is Mainland China because it has cheap labor and a large potential market. China’s economic power is growing daily and if it becomes the world’s leading economic power, this will have a strong impact on the Taiwanese fishing industry. Few scholars have focused on or researched the possible consequences of this change. This research will be of benefit to the Taiwanese fishing industry as it may suggest possible avenues for cooperation between the Taiwanese fishing industry and Mainland China. The key to future far sea fishing success lies in cooperation between Mainland China and Taiwan