[[alternative]]Economic Structural Change, Higher Education Expansion and Different Manpower Utility

[[abstract]]本文目的是從人力資本論、篩選假說，以及信號假說角度出發，探討勞動力就業議題。以台灣專科以上不同科系畢業的人力為對象，進行交叉表分析，其中包括教育程度與科系類別，以及就業市場中的五類變項。透過對1989年及1996年主計處資料的比較，研究發現整體低度就業呈現惡化趨勢。專科程度者遭遇的衝擊最大，同時法學院類的人力相較於其它類別有較特殊的變動。研究結果也發現比較1989年與1996年兩年，人力普遍朝向中小企業轉移，這隱涵著有更多的人力是被中小企業主以一般人力資本的考量而雇用，而較不是以其特殊的、專業的人力資本。研究結果顯示，相較於其它兩項理論，信息假說較細緻地說明了就業過程中的人力資本概念。在邏輯迴歸部份，以七個科系類別的總體就業狀態來看，農學院的就業狀態最為不利，工學院最佳，文學院類與法學院類的就業狀態大致有轉為較佳的趨勢，商學院類的就業情形普遍不差，但並不具有全面的優勢。而進入非專業性技能行業者以文學院類最多，工學院類最少，顯示文學院類其人力性質差異在行業別歸屬方面，不如企業特殊性人力資本的類型區隔鮮明。[[abstract]]The article aims to analyze the employment issue of manpower in terms of Human capital theory, Screening hypothesis and Signaling hypothesis. Taking the undergraduates and postgraduates from different departments in the universities and junior colleges of Taiwan as the subject, the study do the cross tables analysis among the variables of educational level, different departments and five categories in occupational market. Through comparing the data in 1989 and 1996 collected from DGBAS(Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics), the study found that the situation of underemployment had become aggravating. The graduates from the junior college confront the most serious impact. At the meantime, the graduates from departments of social science faced different employment changes in comparison with other departments. The study also found that human resource had shift from public sector to private sector, especially, the petty enterprise in comparison with the data of 1989 and 1996, which implied that the general human capital was relatively considered in the private sector rather than particular and professional human capital. The result of this research indicated that the signaling hypothesis was more elaborate than the other two theories in explaining the concept of human capital in the process of employment