[[alternative]]The research of Yamas in Ten Temples--take colored drawings in Taoist temple in Tainan County as example

[[abstract]] 養生、送死在中國傳統文化裡扮演了重要的角色，而如此的生死課題亦是道教對於世人所關注的範疇。道教透過經典、教義、科儀…等宗教表現，來傳遞終極關懷的態度與精神，其中「科儀」的部份，更可說是道教在宗教功能上的獨特表現。以「科儀」而言，透過神聖空間的建構，讓信眾能在靈性的場域之中與神明交會，而十殿閻王圖像是架構這聖靈場所的道壇彩繪。 中國的地獄之說源自於印度，經由佛教傳入中土，並與中國固有道教的冥界思想交互融合，產生了中國特有的十王信仰。而十王信仰的形成，代表著外來佛教的中土化，以及和本土道教兩教之間的對話與融會磨合。此外，成為中國地獄統治代言者的十殿閻王，所蘊含的是道、佛兩教的幽冥信仰。關於亡靈方面，十王以各層冥殿的判審與刑罰的懲治，來洗滌淨化靈魂的質地。在世人方面，則藉由十王的相關儀式，達其超拔先人與撫慰喪親之痛的效能，並以賞善罰惡的度世準則來警惕世人向善。如此的十王信仰，彰顯了道教〝度生度死〞的精神與態度。然而，十王信仰不單純只是宗教性質的度化表現，在宗教繪畫方面，十王彩繪亦有其藝術上的價值與圖像方面的功能性。這包括了圖像於儀式上，所傳達的宗教義理、內在語言。更展露了中華民族的集體潛意識與信仰文化。 本研究以道壇彩繪為切入點，企圖揭示十殿閻王信仰的歷史淵源、深層哲理、藝術價值以及終極關懷等議題的核心理念。讓世人真正瞭解到十王信仰的義理真諦，導正社會大眾對於十殿冥王的誤解。盼能提供對於十王信仰有興趣的民眾與研究者，作為參閱的資料。[[abstract]] Health preserving and funeral handling have acted as an important role in traditional Chinese culture, whereas such living and dead topics are also within the domain of Taoism's care to people. By the religious presentations such as sutra, doctrine and religious ceremonies etc, taoism pass the attitude and spirit of ultimate concern. In which, ＂religious ceremonies＂ is a unique representation of taoism on religion function. As for ＂religious ceremony＂, enable disciples to communicate divinities in spiritual domain, whereas the pictures of Yamas in Ten Temples are colored drawings in taoist temple for constructing such spiritual domain. The concept of Chinese hell was derived from India and introduced to China by Buddhism, then it was merged with the concept of otherworld - the thinking of Taoism's in China, and then generated special Chinese religion - Ten Yamas. The formation of Ten Yamas represent foreign Buddhism has been converted to Chinese Buddhism and local Taoism communicated and merged with foreign Buddhism. In addition, Yamas in Ten Temples became the spokesman of hell rulers in China, it contains the believes in the nether world of Taoism and Buddhism. In dead soul aspect, Ten Yamas clean and purify psyche by the judgment and punishment in each layer of hell. In earthling aspect, Ten Yamas release souls from purgatory and comfort the pain of bereavement by relevant ceremony, further more, they are warning earthling to seek after the good according to the criteria of ＂reward good and punish evil＂. Such Ten Yamas religion has shown the spirit and attitude of Taoism ＂release living and release dead＂. However, Ten Yamas religion is not only religious representation, but the colored drawings also have artistic value and image functionality. This includes religious doctrine and inner language expressed by image on ceremony. What's more, it has shown the collective unconscious and religion culture of the Chinese nation. This research makes the colored drawings in Taoist temple as cut-in point and attempts to reveal the core logos of discussion topics such as the historical origin, deep philosophic theory, artistic value and ultimate concern of Yamas in Ten Temples. Enable earthling to understand the teaching and essence of Ten Yamas indeed and correct earthling's distortion on Yamas in Ten Temples. I hope this research can become reference material for the people who are interested in Ten Yamas religion