[[alternative]]A Preliminary Study on China's Energy Diplomacy in the Post-Cold War Era and Its Implications

[[abstract]] 自1993年起，中國由早期輸出石油賺取外匯的國家轉變成為石油產品之淨進口國，2003年更超越日本成為世界第二大石油消費國。在近來石油價格不斷飆升與供給來源不確定性大幅增加的情形下，中國充分感受到能源的缺乏將對其經濟發展、甚至於國家安全產生嚴重影響。是以，特別重視能源安全並開始調整其過去之能源政策，能源議題於是成為冷戰結束後中國制定國家戰略時的重要考量因素。本研究首先說明中國在冷戰結束後所制定之能源政策與戰略的相關內容與規劃，其次探討中國在全球三大主要產油地區推動的能源外交，最後分析此能源外交對中國與強權國家關係發展之影響以及中國能源外交未來面臨的挑戰。 本研究發現中國在中東、中亞、非洲三個地區的能源外交有共同的模式和特色。首先，中國透過雙邊外交、軍事貿易、雙邊貿易與商品交換等方式進行能源合作，藉以滿足中國的能源需求，此一能源外交對於鞏固中國能源供給之穩定有極大助益。其次，在中國積極推動能源外交的影響下，世界能源價格與其他強權的能源供給都受到極大影響，因而此一能源外交對於中國與其他強權的競合關係發展具有相當程度之影響。第三，在中國積極推動能源外交的情況下，國際能源爭奪及主要能源大國競相爭奪能源供給來源，對我國能源採購及投資的排擠將更加明顯。為了確保國內能源安全之際，台灣應及早制定一套綜合國際關係、地緣政治、經貿發展及能源安全等議題及應整合整體的能源外交戰略。[[abstract]] Since 1993, China has changed from a net oil exporter to a net oil importer. In 2003, China has even overtaken Japan to become the world's second largest consumer of petroleum (after the U.S.). China's dependence on foreign sources of energy is thus becoming a specific threat for her energy security. In recent years, oil prices have been rising steadily due to the growth of the world economy, a decline in oil production, and unexpected events in oil trading. Energy shortages have forced China into a constant search for new sources of imported energy, which has gradually changed the global structure of energy supply and demand. As a result, China has been working actively recently to diversify its sources of energy imports. This dissertation first reviews China's energy policies and strategies in the post-Cold War era. It then analyses China's energy diplomacy towards three main areas of extraordinary oil resources and its implications on the future relationships between China and other great powers. Finally, it tries to articulate the future challenges China's energy diplomacy might be met and its implications on Taiwan. This dissertation concludes that, first of all, China's energy diplomacy has involved the integration of political, military, diplomatic and economic means, and the development of close partnerships with individual foreign governments. And this strategy of developing overseas energy sources has been very successful. Secondly, China's energy diplomacy has upset the existing pattern of relationships between importer nations and exporter nations, which has led to major changes in her relations with the Japan, India, the US, Russia, and even global economy as a whole. Finally, the impact of China's energy diplomacy on Taiwan has been particularly severe and has greatly narrowed Taiwan's diplomatic room for maneuver. To face with China's energy policy, Taiwan should formulate a new energy policy of its own in response to the changing environment of the global energy market