[[alternative]]Traditional Religious Organization Modern NPO Beigang: A Study on the Patterns of Local Activity

[[abstract]] 本研究希望藉由北港傳統組織嚴謹的信仰精神，與現代社團開放式的在地運作分析與探討，了解人與人、環境互動的地方關係，利用圖示區位呈現人與人、人與地方、組織與地方的感覺，希望發現啟動地方的機制及構成組織運作的理由及論述，提供地方啟動社造運作參考。 本研究由滕尼斯（Ferdinand Tonnies）社區是「共同體的社會」概念，啟動人「在世存有」價值分析，藉海德格（Martin Heidegger）存在理論貫穿本論文中心軸線。探討人存在價值創造所在，由陌生到親近的關鍵，地方文化組構之北港，社造發展應有的條件。希望在深刻理解人與地方認同經驗的運作，以真實的生活世界經驗，找出理論基礎協助發展社區永續地方經營。 北港傳統信仰組織在當地居民眼中，是一種生活，深植居住在北港所有住民心中，每年三月十九、二十日媽祖遶境參與盛況可見。現代社團在現行社會中被公部門極力推動，是以成立速度之快，即將成為社會組織主流。本研究以北港實際生活的地方觀點，以北港傳統信仰組織與現代社團，藉由吉爾茲（Clifford Geertz）《文化的解釋》（The Interpretation of Cultures），杜拉克（Peter F. Drucker）《下一個社會》（Managing in the Next Society）機構性社會（institutional society），段義孚（Yi-Fu Tuan）《逃避主義》（Escapism），以地理圖示人與環境、組織與地方互動的關係作為探討。 人是地方發展核心，社區是人精神的延續，從人追求美好生活與理想環境的態度來看，社造應該不是公部門政策，而是在地居民生活需求。公部門推動社造行政策略，實為地方社造盲點。公部門、社區、居民是否從一種生活需求思考，是一項成功的關鍵，施予資源分配建構的社區，地方精神不易凝聚與延續，制式化的社區無法展現地方特色。 北港傳統信仰組織與現代社團，對地方的啟動機制是不同的，社造如何在地經營，必須多面向思考與修正，亦如社區生活區域、行政法令適用、地方元素培力等。建構社會生活共同體關係，與地緣社群建立精神凝聚中樞，施於他山借鏡協力在地活動關係建立。讓社造回歸生活世界的真實，人、環境、地方才能自然永續經營。[[abstract]] This is a study aiming at an in-depth understanding of local organizations and local societal interconnections through the patter of their activities, in the case of Beigang township, Yun-ling County, Taiwan. Two major aspects are discussed in specific examples and details: first, the religious organizations; second, the modern non-profit organizations. Special attention will be given to the way and the spirit of the operation of these organizations, in order to explore the cultural and spatial formation of this local society. In term of the theories involved in this study, Ferdinand Tennies's concept of ＂community＂ plays a foundational role in this study. Martin Heidegger's ideas of dwelling and the existential foothold in the life-world are critical in the approach of this study. This study also adopts some theoretical insights from Clifford Geertz's The Interpretation of Cultures, Peter Drucker's Managing the Next Society, and Yi-fu Tuan's Escapism. Local people of Beigang are specifically bounded human beings guided by the deepened meaning that they uphold and confronted by the challenges of life and their environment. Religious experience obviously played a crucial part in their lives both past and present. Organizations related to religious activities provide a very good section of the entire local society. In the meantime, the onset of modern society brought a new pattern of organization to the locals. NPO permeated Beigang and most of them carry less social or cultural mission than the traditional religion-related organizations. The operating pattern and the way how people participate in these organizations differ from the past a great deal. Through the discussion of various cases in both aspects of local organizations, this study has lay out a whole picture of how the local people initiate their participation into the society and how they shape their locale socially and spatially via the activities of these organizations. This study can provide insights and new understandings of local organizations and the shaping of the localities, and the modes of human interactions and interconnections on the local, grass-root level