[[alternative]]The Micro-political Study in the Operating Process of Selecting the Surplus Teachers in an Elementary School

[[abstract]] 近幾年受到少子化的衝擊，國中小教師超額的問題日漸嚴重，因此各校開始發展一系列機制以便產出超額教師。為深入瞭解超額教師產出過程中的微觀政治，以及對於學校所產生的影響，本研究採質性取向個案研究的方式，以嘉義縣一所國民小學作為研究對象，資料蒐集的方法採訪談、田野觀察及文件資料分析，從微觀政治的角度分析超額教師的產出過程中，影響超額教師產出的因素、組織成員權力關係、組織成員各自運用的權力策略，以及對學校所造成的影響。並根據研究結果歸納出以下的研究結論： 一、 超額教師產出以年資為首要關鍵，對行政人員有利，學校行政主管主導所有審查過程與結果。二、 在超額教師的產出過程中，受到組織成員的性別刻板印象影響，導致超額教師的產出過程有性別不平等的現象。三、 學校主管施展「影響型」的政治權力策略，採「合法要求」、「獨斷策略」、「運用獎懲賞罰」、「訊息控制」、「偏袒徇私」、「樁腳策略」、「合理化策略」影響整個超額教師產出的運作；教師以「保護型」政治權力策略來因應，採「陽奉陰違」、「影響他人對自己的觀感」、「爭取分數」、「逢迎策略」、「疏離策略」，避免自己的工作權受到損害。四、 超額教師產出的過程中，組織成員運用政治權力策略達到目的，卻導致學校專權與教師疏離的組織文化。五、 教師會功能不彰無法監督學校行政運作，導致權力結構失衡，家長會成為地下核心，學校行政獨攬大權，形成行政專權。六、 不適任教師處理辦法細節繁瑣，流程冗長；超額教師產出辦法明確迅速，導致學校不願以不適任教師的處理辦法處理不適任教師，而改以超額教師產出方式讓不適任教師離開學校，使超額教師產出淪為不適任教師的處理機制。七、 超額教師的產出影響學生的受教權，強化教育資源分配不均。根據上述研究結論，分別對教育行政單位、學校行政單位、教師及後續研究者提出相關建議。[[abstract]] The problem of surplus teachers is getting serious because of the sinking birth rate, and “who is the surplus” is my concern in this paper. In order to realize the operating process of selecting the surplus teachers, I use the case study method, collect the information by observing and interviewing, and analyze the factors of influencing the decision making. Seven important findings are obtained from the analysis. First, the teacher with more seniority or the administrative staff is less likely to be the surplus teacher. Second, there is gender discrimination in the process. Third, the headmaster applies the political strategy of “effect” to handle the operating process, including legal requirements, arbitrary strategy, rewards/punishments, information control, etc; and teachers applies the political strategy of “protection” to keep them away from being selected, including alienation, flattering and fawning. Fourth, these political strategies make the organization members isolated, etc. Fifth, Teacher Association is not capable of inspecting the operation system, and the administrative staff is more powerful and arbitrary. Sixth, this process becomes into the one solving the problem of incompetent teachers. Seventh, students’ right to education is affected under this operation, and the inequality of access educational resources is increased