[[alternative]]The Innovation and Implementation of the EU Immigration and Asylum Policy in the Post-Lisbon Treaty Era

[[abstract]] 1957年歐洲經濟共同體條約基於經濟因素已提出關於「具有會員國國籍的勞工」之自由流通，接著1985年始簽訂申根協定取消國家間的邊界加速人民與經濟流通，爾後1997年阿姆斯特丹條約明訂取消歐盟內成員國邊界的時程以及提高人員流動的決策層級，直到2001年尼斯條約確定將移民政策由執委會執掌，三年後歐洲聯盟（European Union，以下簡稱歐盟）大幅東擴，歐盟其內陸及環地中海地區外圍的邊界已大幅延伸，在持續消除歐盟內部邊界，使各國之人員移動無阻，又為兼顧維護歐盟整體的安全的前提下，如何有效降低非歐盟國家非法移民進入與強化外部邊界管控已成為歐盟不容忽視的重要課題。2009年里斯本條約（Treaty of Lisbon）又針對移民政策決策權責單位的改革，如何配合歐洲國家政治、經濟、安全以及人力需要，制定出共同且一致的移民政策始終是歐盟努力的目標。 本文先釐清歐盟移民與庇護政策的發展脈絡，然後里斯本條約時代歐盟移民與庇護政策的變革進行探討，並分別從「外部邊境安全共同管理」、「藍卡」（Blue Card）、「歐洲移民與庇護公約」（European Pact on Immigration and Asylum）與歐盟睦鄰政策的實施等四個面向，闡述里斯本條約有關移民與庇護政策的內容及其變革並總結這些變革所代表之時代意涵，最後說明2014年歐洲議會大選結果對歐盟共同移民與庇護政策的發展帶來了不確定性。[[abstract]] The EEC Treaty provided for the establishment of a common market. This common market was founded on the "four freedoms", namely the free movement of persons, services, goods and capital. That was the first time the EU mentioned free movement of persons in a treaty. After that, the EU further developed the free movement of persons and immigration policy through the Schengen acquis, Amsterdam Treaty, and Nice treaty. After the enlargement of 2004, there were 8 central and eastern European countries and 2 south-eastern countries that became new EU member states. This change not only extended the EU’s external borders but led the EU to create new policies or decisions to maintain internal security, improve external border control and immigration policy. The Treaty of Lisbon was enforced on 1 December 2009, thus ending several years of negotiation about institutional issues. The Treaty of Lisbon provided the Union with the legal framework and tools necessary to meet future challenges and to respond to citizens' demands. For example, in the immigration, asylum and border checks field, EU established the European Asylum Support Office, Blue Card and FRONTEX to coordinate or administrate each member state’s related policy. The structure of this study is as follows: First, the historical development of EU immigration and asylum policy before the Treaty of Lisbon. Second, the law and regulation of EU immigration and asylum policy in the Treaty of Lisbon. Third, the difference in the EU immigration and asylum policy before and after the Treaty of Lisbon. Fourth, the implements of the EU immigration and asylum policy in the post-Lisbon Treaty era. The conclusion of this study is EU immigration and asylum policy become better, but there are still many challenges, so the future of EU immigration and asylum policy should be paid more attention than before