The Alpha-Mendeleev Magmatic Province, Arctic Ocean: A New Synthesis

Since the 1970s, the Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge (AMR) has generally been considered oceanic, with a thickened (ca. 35km) crustal or/and abnormally low-density mantle root, a hotspot -type, Cretaceous-aged aseismic ridge perhaps generated by the controversial Iceland hotspot. The high-amplitude AMR aeromagnetic anomalies (locally \u3e 1000nT) are sublinear, largely correlated with �20mgal free-air gravity anomalies and bathymetric/basement topography. Such correlation is consistent with most magma emplaced during the long Cretaceous normal polarity interval (120-83Ma). (Present basement topography may post-date the magmatism). Based on multibeam bathymetry from the 2003 Healy expedition and published sources, we synthesize the mid-Cretaceous-age Alpha-Mendeleev Ridge (AMR) complex, a ca.300-700km X 1500km Arctic Basin rise (\u3e700,000 km sq; mininum basement depths\u3c1.5km and depth residuals of 2-3.5km relative to normal Cretaceous crust). Bathymetric, aerogeophysical, and terrestrial geology (Canadian Arctic Islands)suggests magmatism extended over a larger area than the AMR proper. We compare and contrast the AMR with the Pacific Shatsky and Hess rises, and the Atlantic Iceland-Faeroe Ridge. Assuming Airy compensation, we estimate \u3e 10 million km3 excess mafic materials under the AMR, a volume exceeded only by the Ontong Java Plateau. Multibeam bathymetry collected on USCGC Healy in 2003 discovered probable volcanic seamounts in the Northwind Basin and mapped a seamount off the tip of the Chukchi Rise. We suggest these edifices, and linear aeromagnetic anomalies�suggesting major dikes crossing the continental Chukchi Rise�are part of the same extensive igneous episode that created the AMR. Other evidence for a more extensive AMR Magmatic Province (AMRMP) includes: 1) Basement peaks/seamounts in the Sever and Peary spurs and Nautilus and Stefansson basins, which together would bring the total AMRMP area to ca. 10 million km2; 2) Aeromagnetics, showing AMR-type magnetic and gravity anomaly patterns well beyond the AMR; and 3) Mafic rocks (125-89Ma) of the Sverdrup Basin Magmatic Province (SBMP), as shown by M-C. Williamson and her colleagues. The northeastern SBMP adjoins the polar margin, not far from the poorly dated AMR. The two final SBMP igneous episodes are coeval with AMR magmatism, and comprise ferrogabbroic sills and thin successions of ferrobasaltic lavas, a clue that high AMR magnetic anomalies may have a similar origin, as first suggested by Williamson and Van Wagoner in 1985. However, simple amplitude comparison would be incorrect�the higher geomagnetic field intensity near the poles, shallow AMR basement, high AMR basement relief, and possibly stronger middle Cretaceous dipole would all contribute to increasing anomaly amplitudes relative to typical Cenozoic oceanic crust created at lower latitudes. We hypothesize that the AMRMP constitutes a vast mass of anomalously fractionated, highly magnetized FeTi basalts and ferrograbbros. However,we cannot exclude the possibility of admixed continental crust, especially at the Siberian end of the AMR, and only deep drilling into AMR basement will provide firm answers