Antibiotic resistance in bacteria hospital isolates in Dar es slaam

Background: Resistance to antimicrobial agents is a universal problem, which needs to be tackled by universal action. There is a need for a wide range of activities which are required to support the control of antimicrobial resistance. Microbes are dynamic organisms. And so our approach to tackling their resistance to antimicrobial agents must also be dynamic. (00 Komolafe 2003) Objective: The study aimed to determine prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria in Dar es Salaam. Methodology: A cross-sectional study involving collection of clinical bacteria isolates within Dar es Salaam, and determine the susceptibility profiles of the isolates as well as the prevalence of antibiotic resistant isolates. The tested microbes were collected from three main sources namely Regency Medical Centre, Hindu Mandal and Massana Hospitals. The isolates were tested against 8 antibiotic using 96-well microtiter-plates. Microdilution method was employed in testing the isolates using Muller-Hinton broth against 8 selected commonly used antibiotics. Results: A total of 54 clinical isolates were collected from various sources viz. urine (72.2%), stool (135%), blood (1.9%), HVS (5.6%), pus (5.6%) and sputum (1.9%) etc. Of these, majority (52%) composed of E. coli isolates, others include Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Salmonella and Proteus spp. Different drug concentrations were used ranging from 0.001 to 64mg/ ml, yielding various MIC ranging from 0.001 to 106.6mg/ ml. The most susceptible microbe was Salmonella and Streptococcus, while the most effective antibiotics to majority of the assayed microbes were gentamycin and ciprofloxacin. About 25.3% of the tested isolates were found to be resistant, 14.3% intermediate and 58.5% were susceptible. Conclusion: This preliminary study shows that Streptococcus and Salmonella isolates are the most susceptible microbes with regard to their MIC (2.99 and 2.5 1ng/ ml respectively), while gentainycin was the most effective antibiotics exhibiting the least mean MIC (0.360). E. coli, Klebsiella and Proteus were very susceptible to gentamycin; while Staphylococcus and Salmonella were equally susceptible to gentamycin as well as ciprofloxacin. About 25% of the clinical isolates were resistant to the tested antibiotics, and slightly more than a half (58.5%) were susceptible