Nature of Ties between Research and Development Organizations and Enterprise s and Their Impact on Innovativeness of the Former

The innovation-oriented activity of research and development organizations is affected by a number of factors, including , among others, the character of ties among entities participating in the innovative process. These ties should be primarily o horizontal (economic) character and they should be predominant in the accepted economic solutions and in the valid status of research and development organizations and enterprises. The functioning of horizontal ties in relationships between the research and development organization and the enterprise is connected with their appropriate adjustment to the existing system of management and with other factors such as: character of market, way in which itis organized, and possibilities of competition. These factors determine the effectiveness of the functioning of the analyzed ties. The basic type of ties in contacts between them are exchange ties, which may assume a demand or a supply form. Their influence on the innovation-oriented activity may concern the choice of research. and development projects by the RSD organization and their effective realization. These forms do not exhaust all the possible solutions. That is due to the fact that the institution of bargaining, settlement of "royalties" type, as well as ties of specialized character are not irreconcilable with the status of both these entities.Zadanie pt. „Digitalizacja i udostępnienie w Cyfrowym Repozytorium Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego kolekcji czasopism naukowych wydawanych przez Uniwersytet Łódzki” nr 885/P-DUN/2014 dofinansowane zostało ze środków MNiSW w ramach działalności upowszechniającej naukę