Structural Transition of Agricultural Production due to Labor Market Evolution in Red River Delta, Vietnam

紅河デルタでは伝統的に水田を基軸とした複合農業が営まれており,ドイモイ政策以降もそうした伝統的農業形態を維持しながら,集約化傾向を強めることによって商品生産を経営内に内包してきた｡しかし,近年の都市化,直接投資増加による工業化によって労働市場が農村部に広がっている｡本研究では農村における近年の生産構造の変化を考察した｡ 具体的には,現地調査の結果から以下の点を明らかにした｡①調査地では労働力の流出が顕在化しており,特に農業専業従事者が減少している｡②過去年間で農業収入は増加しているが,その発展を支えているのはごく一部の上層農家の販売活動によるものであり,大多数の農家は兼業化によって自給生産に留まっている｡③兼業化によって農地が流動化する傾向にあるが,取引は親類縁者間が多数を占め,上層農家は農協の競売によって池の面積を増加させる傾向にある｡In Red River Delta, Northern Vietnam, farmer traditionally engages in mixed husbandry, even after the Doi Moi policy was adopted by Vietnamese government in 1986. The farming system practiced by Vietnamese farmer was quite intensive and that was based on the subsistence agriculture but gradually involved commercial crop production. However because of the urbanization and industrialization, the situation in the rural area also be changed. On this study, the change of agricultural structure in rural Vietnam was discussed. Specifically, these 3 points were proved from consequence of field survey. (1) In the commune we conduct our survey, the outflow of labor to the urban area become actual, especially permanent agricultural labor was decreasing. (2) Income from agricultural activity was highly increased but that was yielded by a few upper class farmers. The rest of farmers got their income mainly from non-agricultural activity and their production was self-sufficient. (3) Due to accession of part-time farmer in the commune, farmland liquidity was uprising. That was mostly traded in the closed market, so upper level farmers were tend to access to land auction that was held by agricultural cooperative