Development of organic farming and constitution of the organic system in China

近年,中国当局は頻発した食中毒や残留農薬などの問題を非常に重視し,環境の質と食品の安全の向上を 重要な政策に位置づけ,全国で「無公害・緑色食品,有機食品」の推進政策を実施している。それに伴い, 中国の有機農業の進展が加速され,特に,沿岸部及び内陸大都市部で有機農産物需要が高まりをみせている。 とりわけ富裕層,及び健康関心層の有機農産物への需要が高まりつつあることで国内市場が成長し,それが 現時点の有機ブームになっている。 本研究では,中国有機農業の発展にともなう有機認証システムの構築についての整理し,有機認証機関の 役割について明らかにする。 とくに,中国においては二つの国家レベルの有機認証機関が設立されており,近年は国内向けの有機認証 機関と輸出するための外国向けの有機認証機関が分かれており,認証対象についても各々明確に仕分けが行われ,それぞれの役割を果たしていると言われているが,その実態を明らかにする。In recent years, China has been facing various kinds of environmental problems in the agricultural products market, such as food poisoning and the over use of chemical fertilizers, the Chinese government has been taken a national strategy to improve agricultural product quality and food safety. The policy has been implemented to promote pollution-free food, green food and organic food in China. Its attendant, the development of organic agriculture is accelerated in China. Especially the organic product has become a boom for the domestic market. The results are as follows (1) The China organic farming has evolved since the 1990s, was originally the main support exports, in recent years, the demand has been growing in the country, rapid expansion was observed, the certification body of organic food have been established with it. (2) By impairing the reliability of food incident, as for the Chinese government, the organic food improved the food quality, to regain the trust as lead, have begun to focus on measures to support organic farming in both the central government and local governments. (3) In response to market globalization, China organic certification standards is adapted to international standards, the establishment and expansion of an attestation organization are performed. (4) Chinese organic certification organization was a dual system of the Environmental Protection Agency system and an agricultural part system, organizational structure and organize things progressed in recent years, mainly to support certification of foreign export, the domestic market has come to be divided into that which is mainly domestic attestation