<Article> Human Spatial Behavior

あなたがMさんと話をしているときの光景を頭に描いて欲しい。話をしているMさんとあなたの間の距離はどのくらいにありますか。また，Mさんとあなたの身体の向きや視線の接触回数，身振りの多少についても考えて下さい。さらに他の人についても同様な試みを続けてみると，人は対人場面で情況に応じた適切な空間を保持していることに気づくのである。日常生活の中でわれわれがほとんど気づかずに過している空間が様々な重要な意味を持っている。本稿では，こうした空間を人の行動の側面から検討する。The main purpose of this paper was to examine the human spatia1 もehavior． For this purpose some representative literatures were reviewed． The human spatial behavior in social life are usually described in terms of the concepts of proxemics， micro－sociology， face－to・face interactions， human ethology， etc．． This paper has lParticularly concentrated on the personal space． In the f量rst section the influences of space on human were discussed in view of overcrowding， and the differences between spaces for human and for animal were examined． In the second section some pattems of human spatial utilization were illustrated by reviewing studies on the personal space， and ，some main characteristics of the space were discussed． In the third section the three methods in studying personal space ・were mentioned：1． e． naturalistic study， field experimental study， and laboratory study。 The term of“personal space”is most frequently used to explain the’ ?浮高≠氏@Spatial behavior． The term， however， is ambiguously used by authors． It is hoped that the term establishes its own clear concept