Database Design For Khartoum City Water Network

The application of Geographic Information Systems in Khartoum Water Distribution Network, will give solutions to most of the problems hindering the operation of the network. After processing the data available through maps, official records and personal investigations with those who have long working experience in charge of the distribution network; the solutions for those problems can be set up and the plans for future needs can be proposed. The core of this study is a computerized model based on the above technology; on which the main components of Khartoum water distribution network were constructed over a digital base map for Khartoum metropolitan area. The programs used are AutoCAD MAP 2000i, ArcView GIS 3.1 and ArcView GIS 3.2 a. The attribute database (descriptive information linked with the map elements) is represented internally in the system, and could be recalled when required. The method applied in constructing the database is the Dual Independent Map Encoding Structure (DIME), which involves scanning from a hard copy, transferring to vector data and then manipulating through GIS Software. The attributes are entered using the keyboard via dialogue boxes. The major problem solved here, is the construction of a digital map for Khartoum metropolitan area Network, which is considered as a model area for network deficiencies; according to senior engineers in charge of the network. An archived database, containing all information of the network, which can be linked with locational data, was constructed. Moreover, some of the experience of Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Authority (ADWEA) and Abu Dhabi Town Planning was utilized to construct the attribute database. By precise locational data (i.e. accurately constructed maps), many problems in the network could be avoided. e.g. Breakages occur due to road and building construction works. Furthermore, a system for monitoring the network operation (e.g. Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition-SCADA); breakdowns, leakages, flow and pressure variations can be adopted and linked directly via microwave or cable telephone line to a central control room, to help coping with any emergent case at instant. The role of the GIS is to feed the system with the exact location of the breakdown, in addition to any maintenance information previously fed to the system. By monitoring the water pressure and flow in the network, many breakdowns could also be avoided, especially during night time and winter season, by the aid of motorized valve systems. 13 To reflect the feasibility of GIS technology to KSWC, some samples of locational queries and data retrieval such as Bill of Quantities were given. Finally, some recommendations to contribute in solving the dilemma of Khartoum State Water Supply system and future predictions, using GIS technology were give