A Study of Symptoms of the Post-traumatic Stress Disorder and Its Related Factors in Adolescents after the Wenchuan Earthquake

目的:对两个受灾严重程度不同地区青少年遭受的创伤暴露情况以及创伤后应激障碍(PTSD)症状进行调查,探讨影响灾后青少年PTSD症状的因素。方法:采用《儿童事件冲击量表》和自编背景资料对极重灾区四川绵竹和重灾区陕西宝鸡地区共1267名中小学生进行测查。结果:四川绵竹的青少年遭受的创伤暴露严重程度显著高于陕西宝鸡地区,但在PTSD症状严重程度(t=0.181,df=1265,P=0.857)上差异并不显著,只在PTSD症状检出率(χ2=8.766,df=1,P=0.003)上差异显著,绵竹地区的PTSD症状检出率显著高于宝鸡地区。结论:极重灾区PTSD的检出率更高。性别、年龄、被困、亲友受伤和目睹死亡是PTSD症状的有力预测因素。Objective：To investigate the related factors of post-traumatic stress disorder（PTSD） among adolescents in different areas after the Wenchuan Earthquake.Methods：With Revised Impact of Events Scale for Children（CRIES-13） and self made survey,1267 students in the extremely severe disaster areas in Mianzhu,Sichuan province and the severe disaster areas in Baoji,Shaanxi were tested.Results：The extent of disaster exposure in Mianzhu was significantly higher than that in Baoji.However,there was no difference in the extent of PTSD symptoms between the two areas（t=0.181,df=1265,P=0.857）,but only significant difference in the incidence rate（χ^2=8.766,df=1,P=0.003）,and the incidence rate of PTSD in Mianzhu areas was significantly higher than that of Baoji areas.Conclusion：5·12 Wenchuan earthquake has caused severe post-traumatic response in adolescents both in the extremely severe disaster areas and the severe disaster areas,but the former is higher in the incidence rate of PTSD,and age,sex,getting trapped in the earthquake,having relatives and friends injured in the earthquake,witnessing death in the earthquake were all significant predictors for PTSD severity