Studies on energy spectra of outgoing particles in (p,Pb), (p,Bi), (p,Hg) reactions in energy range up to 250MeV

Reactions of bombarding important target materials in the Accelerator Driven System (ADS), such as Pb-204, Pb-206, Pb-207, Pb-208, Bi-209, Hg-196, Hg-198, Hg-199, Hg-200, Hg-201, Hg-202 and Hg-204 etc., with protons are calculated in terms of the optical model, the intra-nuclear cascade mechanism for nucleon omission, the pre-equilibrium theory based on exciton model, the evaporation model, the pick-up mechanism and the direct reaction theory in the energy range up to 250MeV. In particular, the cross sections of the (p, kn), and (p, kpkn) reactions and the spectra of particle emissions are studied. The calculations show that the pre-equilibrium (including cascade) mechanism is much stronger than the other mechanisms in the higher energy region. The parameter DK of the exciton model and ccg1 in the single particle energy density dominate the shapes of the cross section curves of the (p, kn) and (p, kpkn) reactions and the energy spectra of emitting protons and neutrons. The pick-up mechanism plays an important role in emitting composite particles (alpha, D, T, He-3)