Large self-deflection of bright and dark screening photovoltaic solitons in LiNbO3

We demonstrate large self-deflection of both bright and dark screening photovoltaic solitons existing in LiNbO3 Crystal under an external applied field with numerical method, and we also demonstrate that the self-deflection is not only connected with the acceptor concentration N-A but also with the external applied field E-0. Under the same E-0, when N-A is lower, the self-deflection is more obvious. Under the same N-A, when E-0 is higher, the self-deflection is more obvious. We also find that seff-deflection of the bright screening spatial soliton and that of the dark one are different: the bright screening photovoltaic soliton deflects obviously; while only one side of the dark soliton deflects, its extreme value point and the other side almost do not deflect