Simulation of CO(2) and latent heat fluxes in the North China Plain

We constructed a coupled model for simulating plant photosynthesis and evapotranspiration (CPCEM). In the model, non-rectangular hyperbola is used to simulate leaf photosynthesis rate that is scaled up to estimate canopy gross photosynthesis rate by an integral method. Whole canopy in the model is separated into multi-layers, each of which is divided into sunlit leaves and shade leaves. Canopy net photosynthesis rate is expressed as a function of canopy conductance which is coupled with evapotranspiration. Included the coupled function, evapotranspiration is estimated with a two-layer submodel. The main features of CPCEM are: (1) easy suitability, (2) good physiological base, and (3) simple calculation procedure. Simulated results of CPCEM were compared with those by an eddy covariance system that was installed in a winter wheat farmland of the North China Plain. CPCEM gave a quite well diurnal and seasonal dynamics of net ecosystem exchange, compared with the measurements. The root mean square error between simulation and measurements was only about 2.94 mu Mol m(-2) s(-1). Diurnal and seasonal patterns- of latent heat flux with the CPCEM were similar to those of measurements. Whereas, simulated latent heat flux was evidently higher than the measured