The Research of Suitability of Oasis Spatial Development on Keliya River

绿洲发育空间适宜性指的是空间某一区位对于绿洲的相对适宜程度。适宜性分析近些年来主要应用于土地利用规划中,随着计算机技术以及地理信息系统的发展，适宜性分析已经渗透到作物类型布局、城市化选址、水资源开发等领域。本文以克里雅河流域为研究对象，在前人研究基础上，以自然因素的定性分析为基础，探讨天然绿洲发生的动因及空间适宜性差异机制：克里雅河流域内水土在大的地貌格局控制下虽然产生了一定的垂直分异，但这种分异水平距离跨度大，垂直变化缓慢，产生的分异效应并不明显，对植物的控制力不够，与干旱大环境不可比拟。对绿洲发育空间适宜性更有决定性的是微地貌，使得流域内平原区各部位对天然绿洲起决定性的地下水水位不同，呈现出随地下水位变化的隐域性植被景观。基于定性分析，以自然要素空间格局分析为突破口，按照自然要素空间分布特点，借助地理信息系统(Geographic Information Systems，简称GIS)对地理信息分析和处理具有的独特优势，对流域水资源空间格局、土壤适宜性指标、地貌格局进行分析，制作专题图，提取指标，评价不同部位对天然绿洲的适宜度，研究结果表明：洪积扇为不适宜区；冲积平原、二级阶地、古三角洲为勉强适宜区；现存三角洲、沼泽、冲洪积扇为中度适宜区；沼泽地边缘、一级阶地为高度适宜区。The suitability of oasis development means the suitable degree which oasis development relative to the special space. Recently , the suitability analysis mainly applies in the land utilization and plan. With the computer as well as geographic information system developing , The suitability analysis already pervades to crops layout , location of urban ,exploiture of water resources and so on. This research take the Keliya river as research object, base on predecessors’ findings, take qualitative analysis of natural factors as foundation, discuss natural oasis occurs and the deep level variation, discover: Though water and soil have some vertical minute different under germorphology control. this minute different is not obvious, which insufficient to control plant. Small germorphology is more important to nature oases, causes difference of ground water depth, presents hide territory of vegetation landscape with ground water depth. Based on the qualitative analysis , take space pattern of physical features as the breach, according to spatial distribution characteristics of physical features, with the aid of geographic information system. make the special map , withdraw index , appraise different spot whether is suitable to the natural oasis, the findings indicate: diluvium fan is not suitable area; alluvium plain, second terrace and old delta is low suitable area; delta, ,swap and alluvium fan is modest suitable area; The edge of swap and first terrace is high suitable area to oasis