DIVERSIDAD DE HONGOS EN CINCO CULTIVARES DE MANGO (Mangifera indica L.) DEL BANCO DE GERMOPLASMA DEL INIA-CENIAP, MARACAY

El Campo Experimental del INIA-CENIAP, en Maracay, Venezuela, dispone de un banco de germoplasma con una elevada diversidad de cultivares de mango, pero en a\uf1os recientes se ha detectado la muerte de gran cantidad de \ue1rboles en diferentes accesiones. Entre los factores asociados se encuentran la ocurrencia de enfermedades, particularmente las inducidas por hongos. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo determinar la diversidad de hongos en hojas y ramas en los cultivares Criollo, Hadden, Hilacha, Kent y Tommy Atkins. Para cada cultivar se evaluaron cinco plantas y en cada \ue1rbol se tomaron al azar muestras de diez hojas provenientes de cinco ramas. Los hongos en sustrato natural fueron identificados por comparaci\uf3n de las estructuras de valor taxon\uf3mico, con la literatura especializada. Se registr\uf3 la riqueza y se calcularon los \uedndices de frecuencia, diversidad de Shannon-Wierner y de Margalef, equitatividad de Pielou y similaridad de Sorensen. La riqueza total result\uf3 en 48 especies. El cultivar Kent present\uf3 la mayor riqueza, y los m\ue1s altos \uedndices de diversidad y equitatividad. Los cultivares con mayor similaridad fueron Kent y Tommy Atkins. Se registran por primera vez Anopletis venezuelensis y Neofusicoccum mangiferae en hojas y N. parvum en ramas, asociado a muerte de \ue9stas en mango. Palabras clave adicionales: Abundancia, equitatividad, \uedndices de diversidad, Mangifera indica, riqueza, similaridad ABSTRACT Fungi diversity in five mango cultivars from germplasm bank of INIA-CENIAP, Maracay The experimental field of the Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (CENIAP), INIA, Maracay, Venezuela, poses a germplasm bank, with a very high mango diversity, but lately, the death of several accessions has been detected. Among the factors associated to this losses are the diseases induced by fungi. The objective of this study was to determine the diversity of fungi in leaves and branches in Criollo, Hadden, Hilacha, Kent and Tommy Atkins mango cultivars. Five trees were evaluated for each cultivar and ten-leaves samples coming from five branches were collected at random. The fungi on natural substrate were processed and fungal structures of taxonomical value were compared with the specialized literature. The Richness, frequency, and the indexes of diversity (either from Shannon-Wierner or Margalef), evenness (Pielou) and similarity (Sorensen) were recorded. The total richness was determined in 48 species. Kent cultivar had the greatest richness, in addition to the highest values of diversity and evenness. The cultivars with the highest similarity of species were Kent and Tommy Atkins. It was registered by first time Anopeltis venezuelensis and Neofusicoccum mangiferae in leaves, and N. parvum in stems, associated with branch dieback in mango. Additional key words: Abundance, diversity index, evenness, Mangifera indica, richness, similarity