VIOLENCIA EN ADOLESCENTES: FACTORES DE RIESGO, ACTITUD Y CONDUCTAS VIOLENTAS. MUNICIPIO SANITARIO PE 1A. YARITAGUA, ESTADO YARACUY. OCTUBRE 2006 - ENERO 2008

El presente estudio determin\uf3 los factores de riesgo, actitud hacia la violencia y conductas violentas en adolescentes del Municipio Sanitario Pe\uf1a. En tal sentido, se desarroll\uf3 un estudio descriptivo transversal en una muestra constituida por 500 j\uf3venes escogidos por muestro no probabil\uedstico accidental, pertenecientes a las instituciones educativas de los caser\uedos: Ensenada, Cujisal, Agua Negra, Cambural y Yaritagua; a quienes se aplic\uf3 un cuestionario validado por expertos. Obteniendo: predominio de grupo etario entre 14 y 16 a\uf1os (44.8%), g\ue9nero femenino (69,6%), cursantes de nivel diversificado (60.8%). Asimismo, 54% se\uf1ala inasistencia de 1 a 2 d\uedas a clases durante el \ufaltimo mes, 19.2% refiere h\ue1bito alcoh\uf3lico, 21.2% h\ue1bito tab\ue1quico, 4.4% chimoico, 52% no practica deportes, 36.8% invierte 1 a 2 horas diarias viendo televisi\uf3n, 36.4% se\uf1ala haber tenido discusiones con familiares o amigos, 54.8% ha recibido maltrato f\uedsico y verbal por padres y familiares, 3.6% posee amigos con armas de fuego, 2.8% posee amigos con armas blancas, 28.8% posee padres concubinos, 12.4% divorciados, 1.6% ha tenido su padre o madre en prisi\uf3n, 8.4% se\uf1al\uf3 que sus padres han tenido conflictos con familiares o vecinos, 1.6% reporta familiares con armas de fuego, 66.8% pertenecen al estrato socioecon\uf3mico IV. Por otro lado, la actitud hacia la violencia se analiz\uf3 a partir de una escala de Likert seg\ufan las creencias y percepciones sobre los postulados que agrupan situaciones de violencia f\uedsica y psicol\uf3gica en todas sus dimensiones, evidenciando predominio de la actitud de rechazo con promoci\uf3n de conductas tolerantes y apacibles (76.25). Sin embargo, existen criterios que determinan la actitud de justificaci\uf3n de la violencia por ser elemento de justicia y valent\ueda con promoci\uf3n de conductas impulsivas y de agresi\uf3n (13.2%). Finalmente, se determinaron las caracter\uedsticas de las conductas ante situaciones enmarcadas en escenarios de violencia, evidenciando predominio de conductas de di\ue1logo, seguida de omisi\uf3n para la mayor\ueda de los escenarios planteados, sin embargo, se demuestra tendencia al incremento de conductas de insultos y golpes en contextos que subyacen en el desarrollo de momentos de agresi\uf3n f\uedsica. Concluimos en una alta frecuencia de factores de riesgo para violencia, as\ued como predominio de conductas como el di\ue1logo en la resoluci\uf3n de conflictos. Por \ufaltimo, prevalecen percepciones que determinan una actitud de tolerancia, ofreciendo oposici\uf3n a escenarios de maltrato f\uedsico y verbal. ABSTRACT VIOLENCE IN ADOLESCENTS: FACTORS OF RISK, VIOLENT ATTITUDE AND CONDUCTS. SANITARY MUNICIPALITY PE 1A. YARITAGUA, STATE YARACUY. October 2006 - January 2008 The present study determined the factors of risk, attitude towards the violence and violent conducts in adolescents of the Sanitary Municipality Pe\uf1a. In such sense, a cross-sectional descriptive study in a sample constituted by 500 young people selected was developed by I show nonprobabilistic accidental, pertaining to the educative institutions of the small villages: Ensenada, Cujisal, Agua Negra, Cambural and Yaritagua; to those who a questionnaire validated by experts was applied. Obtaining: group predominance age between 14 and 16 years (44,8%), female (69.6%), diversified level (60,8%). Also, 54% indicate non-appearance of 1 to 2 days to classes during the last month, 19,2% refers alcoholic habit, 21,2% tobacco habit, 4,4% chimoico, 52% does not practice sports, 36,8% invests 1 to 2 hours daily watching, 36,4% indicates to have had discussions with relatives or friendly, 54,8% have received physical battering and verbal by parents and relatives, 3,6% own friendly with 2,8%, firearms owns friendly with white arms, 28,8% owns parents concubines, 12,4% divorced, 1,6% has had their father or mother in prison, 8,4% indicated that their parents have had conflicts with relatives or neighbors, 1,6% reports relatives with firearms, 66,8% belong to socioeconomic layer IV. On the other hand, the attitude towards the violence analyzed from a scale of Likert according to the beliefs and perceptions on the postulates that group situations of physical and psychological violence in all dimensions, demonstrating predominance of the attitude by ricochet with promotion of tolerant and calm conducts (76.25). Nevertheless, criteria exist that determine the attitude of justification of the violence for being element of justice and bravery with promotion of impulsive conducts and aggression (13,2%). Finally, the characteristics of the conducts were determined before situations framed in violence scenes, demonstrating predominance of conducts of dialog, followed of omission for the majority of the raised scenes, nevertheless, it demonstrates to tendency to the increase of conducts of insults and blows in contexts that underlie in the development of moments of physical aggression. We conclude in a high frequency of factors of risk for violence, as well as predominance of conducts like the dialog in the resolution of conflicts. Finally, perceptions prevail that determine a tolerance attitude, offering opposition to scenes of physical and verbal battering