As a whole, qigong, "practices of qi", breathing practices, corporeal and self-cultivation practices, is a (therapeutic and religious) body of knowledge and practices including elements of biomedical and biological sciences. Located at the core of therapeutic plurality, it reveals lay, traditional and modern knowledge and practices referring to key elements of Chinese thought and culture.The first part of the dissertation is about plurality in China from both historical and anthropological perspectives. The second part focuses on qigong practices, paradigmatic example of plural practice. Qigong is taken as a social phenomenon part of late 1980-1990s religious revival in China. The research is based on concepts and methods of social anthropo...