Determinación de la actividad antifúngica de extractos vegetales sobre el hongo Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet

Los cultivos de plátano, banano y heliconias (Musaceae) son afectados por el hongo ascomiceto Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet agente causante de la enfermedad más destructiva de estos cultivos conocida como Sigatoka negra, generando perdidas económicas considerables tanto para los grandes como los pequeños cultivadores. En el control de esta enfermedad, se emplean diversos tipos de fungicidas de origen sintético que aumentan los costos de producción, además de causar deterioro significativo al medio ambiente.The plantain, banana and heliconias crops (Musaceae) are affected by the ascomicete fungus Mycosphaerella fijiensis Morelet the agent that cause one of the most destructive disease for these cultivations known like black Sigatoka, generating considerable economic lost for great and small farmers. In the control of this disease diverse types of synthetic fungicides are used, but this increases the production costs, besides to cause significant deterioration to the environment. In this work 20 methanolics and 21 dichloromethane extracts from plants belonging to the Asclepiedaceae, Asteraceae, Euphorbiaceae, Rubiaceae and Solanaceae families collected in the Natural Reserve Bremen-La Popa (Quindío, Colombia) were evaluated, through ascospore germinative tube growth tests. It was found that five methanolics (25%) and six of dichloromethane extracts (28,6%) displayed in-vitro activity against Mycosphaerella fijiensis. The phytocompounds responsible for this activity can be: alkaloids, steroids, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, tannins and triterpenoids