Hard Diffraction in QCD

Gluon exchange between the outgoing quarks and the target spectators affects the structure functions measured in deep inelastic scattering in a profound way, leading to diffractive lepto-production processes, the shadowing and antishadowing of nuclear structure functions, and target spin asymmetries--leading-twist physics not incorporated in the light-front wavefunctions of the target computed in isolation. I also discuss the diffraction dissociation of hadrons into jets as a tool for resolving fundamental hadron substructure