Diode and final-focus simulations for DARHT

Beam dynamics calculations for the injector and final-focus region of a 4 kA, 20 MeV linear induction accelerator are presented. The injector is a low-emittance 4 MeV thermionic or photocathode diode designed to produce four 70 ns pulses over 2 {micro}sec. Due to the long total pule length, the authors have kept the field stress to < 200 kV/cm over the cathode electrode, and to {approx} 50 kV/cm on the radial insulator stacks. The normalized edge emittance produced by the diode is only {approx} 0.019 cm-rad. In the final-focus region, the authors have modeled the effect of ion emission from the target. The intense electric field of the beam at the 1-mm-diameter focal spot produces substantial ion velocities, and, if the space-charge-limited current density can be supplied, significant focal spot degradation may occur due to ion space-charge. Calculations for the existing Integrated Test Stand, which has a larger focal spot, show that the effect should be observable for H{sup +} and C{sup +} ion species. The effect is lessened if there is insufficient ion density on the target to supply the space-charge-limited current density, or if the ion charge-to-mass ratio is sufficiently small