Geochemical analysis of fluid mineral relations in the Tiwi Geothermal Field, Philippines

Geochemical modeling simulations are being used to examine the source of the reservoir fluids in the Tiwi geothermal field and to evaluate the chemical and physical processes responsible for producing observed vein parageneses. Such information can be used to trace the evolution of the Tiwi geothermal field through time. The React geochemical modeling code was used to simulate the effects of isothermal and isoenthalpic boiling, conductive cooling and heating, and incorporation of condensed steam, on fluids from the Matalibong area. Predicted mineral stabilities were used to identify mineral indicators for each process. Calcite and anhydrite precipitation were favored by conductive heating, while illite precipitation was favored when condensed steam was added to the reservoir fluid. Reconstructed downhole fluids from borehole Mat-25 are acidic and are consistent with the presence of illite as the latest alteration mineral in veins. The processes of isothermal and isoenthalpic boiling could be differentiated from conductive cooling by the presence of epidote and/or calcite during boiling, and illite during cooling. Both boiling and cooling favored precipitation of quartz, K-feldspar, wairakite, and pyrite. Ratios of Na, Cl, and Br in waters from the Matalibong are relative to seawater indicate a significant component of seawater in reservoir fluids