Cryogenic high-heat-load optics at the advanced photon source

Cryogenically cooled silicon monochromators have found wide application at the Advanced Photon Source (APS) and other third-generation synchrotron radiation facilities. Currently, 17 insertion device beamlines at the APS are implementing cryogenic, silicon double-crystal monochromators (DCM) at the first optical element. Recently, several silicon crystal monochromators internally cooled with liquid nitrogen have been tested on the sector 1-ID undulator beamline at the APS. Rocking curves at various energies were measured simultaneously in first and third order from a Si(111) DCM in the Bragg reflection geometry at a fixed undulator gap of 11.1 mm. The crystal exhibited a sub-arc second thermal broadening of the rocking curve over a first order energy range from 6.0 to 17.0 keV up to a maximum incident power of 561 W in a 2.5 V x 2.0 H mm{sup 2} beam. It has been demonstrated that cryogenic silicon monochromators can handle the highest power beams from hard x-ray undulators at the APS without significant thermo-mechanical distortion