Dimensionless analysis of the flow of spherical particles in two-phase flow in straight tubes

In the aseptic processing of particulate fluid foods, the residence time distribution of particles and the fluid-to-particle heat transfer are intimately related to the linear and rotational velocities of the particles. The development of models correlating these velocities with fluid and particle characteristics and with operating conditions is therefore very useful, as it provides a fast method to estimate fluid-to-particle heat transfer coefficients without measuring the actual particle velocities. The models can further be used to estimate the average residence time of the particles. Data for modelling particle linear and rotational velocities were obtained by videotaping the flow, along the wall, of individual spherical particles in transparent 2-m long straight tubes. Linear and rotational velocities were correlated with generalized Reynolds, Archimedes and Froude numbers, to the particle-to-fluid density simplex and to the particle/tube diameter ratio. The models obtained had correlation coefficients of 0.89 and 0.86 for the particle linear and rotational velocities, respectively