PCDD/F formation in the co-combustion with biomass and coal: the influence of chlorine, copper, calcium and sulphur

The reduction of CO2 emissions is the primary goal of partially replacing coal with Renewable Energy Sources (RES) of biomass origin, accompanied with the reduction of emissions of other pollutants. At the same time, there are advantages in mixing this particular resource - solid biomass - with coal, due to positive synergies arising from the introduction of different amounts of volatile matter, ash, sulphur, calcium, chlorine, and heavy metals. The option for the co-combustion with biomass with coal using fluidised bed technology could contribute to the fulfilment of the EU objectives in terms of environmental protection and sustainable energy production