Studies on the Policy of Distance Education in Mongolia

[[abstract]]隨著資訊科技與網際網路的發展，遠距教學已成為全球的教育熱潮，蒙古政府為了使教育需求不受地點、 時空限制，而開放、多元及彈性學習的環境提供給公民，以期能幫助每個人獲得終身學習能力，並為今後的生存與發展打下基礎，於2002年正式頒佈「遠距教學國家綱要」，使蒙古的教育迎向新的里程碑。 本研究主要採用文件分析法，針對蒙古遠距教學歷史發展、現況及主要採取的政策等主題，收集相關的文獻、論者、報告、期刊文章等資料。研究者進行資料閱讀與整理後，進行分析，探討蒙古遠距教學政策環境與實施現況。研究結果獲致結論為：在蒙古，現代遠距教學的環境一步一步形成當中。過去十幾年的時間，政府為了發展遠距教學採取了不少措施。這些政策的推動下，為遠距教學奠下良好的基礎。蒙古國地廣人稀，社會經濟與教育發展不平衡，在這種情況下，要促進偏遠地區教育快速發展，遠距教學扮演一個很重要的角色。從目前情況來看，人人都使用手機，甚至連牧民家庭都有有線電視，資訊科技已成為蒙古人生活的一部分，所以將來在蒙古遠距教學會更進一步發展。但更有效、健全發展遠距教學必須具備完善的政策，不過在蒙古相當缺乏一套科學合理的政策與法規。遠距教學發展至今，有的遠距教學政策相對零散，因此影響到遠距教學有效發展。[[abstract]]Distance education has become increasingly popular, therefore going to be the main trend of global education recently following rapid development of information technology and Internet. Mongolian government legislated “Distance Education National Program” in 2002 to create a system which can enable Mongolian people to get an education without barrier of distance and time, furthermore to provide education programs with multiple possibilities, flexible, open and accessible to anybody, with good quality and efficiency. This paper examined the historical development of Mongolian distance education, current situation, the policies which have taken by Mongolian government by using documentary analysis. Based on my research examination, I’ve found that initial steps of modern distance education have been taken in Mongolia and it has been already 10 years since Mongolian government took first policy toward distance education; therefore it’s progressing further step by step. It’s necessary and inevitable to develop distance education in Mongolian given its geographical challenge with large territory and sparsely located population; in addition to that, distance education can offer enormous opportunity for Mongolian rural population since there is large gap between Mongolian rural and urban population considering education accessibility and its quality. Today, everybody has a cellphone and even every rural family has a television in Mongolia, therefore since information technology has become party of life for every Mongolian person, there is a room for distance education to develop more and play more roles in education sector based on this information technology availability. To develop more efficient and healthy distance education, there is a need of systematic policy. But Mongolian distance education lacks systematic, complex policy. The policies which have been taken till today are not well connected; therefore development of distance education is not taking place rapidly in Mongolia. The researcher has recommended several policy issues and steps should be taken concerning development of distance education for policy makers and researchers.[[note]]碩