A Narrative Research on the Role of Social Workers in the Community Development Associations in Taiwan-Evidence from the Cases working with the Community Flagship Project.

[[abstract]]本研究旨在討論社會工作者在社區中的專業工作內涵、扮演的角色、如何運用專業知能進行社區工作及以社區作為一個就業環境的場域現況。社會工作者在社區中的角色、專業工作內涵、專業知能的運用會因為與社會工作者與工作環境的互動關係、事件與時間的推移有所改變，因此研究中採生態系統理論作為基礎架構，並採角色理論作為輔助，並以衝突論進行補充，更全面的了解社區環境、事件、衝突與時間對於社會工作者的影響及所形成的改變。 因能進入社區進行服務的工作者並不多，本研究以社區發展協會所聘用旗艦計畫社工員作為研究主體，並採敘事研究做為研究方法，透過符合標準選樣策略的立意取樣，選取3位社會工作者進行每人約3次，每次1.5至3小時不等之敘事訪談，藉由工作於社區發展協會的社會工作者對工作歷程的訴說，了解其在社區工作的樣貌，進一步解析社會工作者在社區中所扮演的角色、專業服務內涵、所施展的專業能力。以下為本研究之發現： 一、社會工作者在社區中扮演多元角色，但其中最為重要者乃在於建立其自我專業角色之認同，避免迷失於文書行政的業務中。 二、社會工作者在社區中之專業服務內容以組織社區、資源連結與協調、社區培力為主，但其成果相對於文書行政、財務與計畫控管工作，較難具體呈現，因此其專業角色易於被忽視。 三、社會工作者進入社區具相似的工作軌跡（初始期、工作期、結束期），不同時期的工作重點與能力的運用有所差異。初始期的工作重點在於社區幹部與居民的凝聚，與工作計畫、目標的設立，因此著重於溝通與參與能力、評估與計劃能力、促進與始能能力、行政能力、方案撰寫、方案執行能力的發揮；工作期的工作重點在社區內外的資源開發與連結，因此社會工作者著重資源連結與運用、募款能力的發揮，並考驗工作者在政治能力的運用。結束期的工作重點在於如何維持社區的服務並使社區永續發展，著重在與發展願景的能力的使用。 四、社會工作者在社區中先建立與居民間的人際關係，而後才易於建立專業的工作關係，其工作易受到雙重/多重關係（dual/multiple relationships）之影響。 五、社區發展協會有別於一般社會福利機構或政府部門，其工作環境具有相對程度的彈性，但也有其潛在的規則，由於其草根性較強，因此鮮少有督導與專業成長的機會。 社會工作者入駐社區可以為社區帶來正向的影響並協助社區發展，工作者憑藉其中立角色揉合社區內部的各方勢力，促使社區形成結盟並齊心朝向目標邁進；工作者的介入可以增強社區夥伴的服務技能與知識，使社區中的弱勢獲得更專業的照顧與更有尊嚴地對待。社會工作者之於社區，如同秘書與幕僚，扶助社區發展福利服務，創造美好新生活！[[abstract]]The study aimed to understand the situation of community social worker, including roles, connotation of professional service, and performance of professional competence through the social worker’s explanations of work course. Because of the interaction between social workers, work environments, events and time, community social worker roles, connotations, competences changed. Thus, the researcher employed “ecological systems theory “as the theoretical framework, and adopts “role theory” as a supplement, and complemented “conflict theory” to conducted this study. Through the framework helped researcher understood how environments, events, conflicts and time affected social workers. This study aims to explore the roles of social worker in community, their professional services and competences by interviewing three social workers who are working in the communities. By telling explanations of their work courses, researcher understood their work, and realized their roles, professional service content, and the professional competences. The main findings of the study as follows: 1. Social workers played diversity roles in the community. It’s important to establish the professional self-identity of social worker. 2. The main professional services of social workers in the community including organize the community, coordinate resources and further more empower the community, but the outcome of these professional role are too hard to let others know. 3. Social workers experienced similar courses and issues, (beginning stage, working stage, and ending stage). In the beginning stage, the goal is the cohesion of community. Therefore, workers have to pay attention to the competence of communicate and engage, promote and enable, administration skills, and design and intervene program. In working stage, it’s important to explore and connect new resources, fundraising, and political capacity. And last, the ending stage, it emphasize on maintaining the service and sustain the community. 4. The social workers professional relationships built on the relations with residents, and it is easily affected by dual/multiple relationships as well。 5. There are something difference between Community Development Association, general social welfare agencies and government departments. The community development association is more flexible. On the contrary, it seldom had the opportunity to be supervised. Due of the involvement of social workers, they can be a positive impact on the community, and they can assist residents to develop the community. Furthermore, the participation of workers enhanced the community partners’ service skills and knowledge. Owing to the workers, the community attached importance to vulnerable groups. Social workers support community to develop welfare services, moreover a better new life![[note]]碩