Study on the tin oxide sol-gel membrane as a pH sensing electrode?

[[abstract]]In this study, tin oxide sensing membrane was derived by sol-gel method and was coated onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate by spin-coating technique to fabricate a pH sensing electrode. Besides, the morphology of the tin oxide membrane has been discussed through the instrumental analysis. Furthermore, the sensing characteristics of the pH electrode was measured by commercial instrumental amplifier as the readout circuit. Owing to the sol-gel method has many advantages such as easy fabrication of gel solution, ability to dope other materials without any expensive fabricating equipment. Hence, it is suitable for the mass production of a disposable sensor.[[note]]SC