Design and Implementation of Up-Conversion Mixer for V-Band and W-Band

[[abstract]]本論文主要以台積電90奈米CMOS製程來實現V-Band及W-Band升頻混波器。研究主題由以下三個部份構成: 第一部份為一使用雙平衡式混波器為主體架構之60GHz直接升頻混波器。此升頻混波器包括:一雙平衡式吉伯特單元;其含電流注入和負電阻補償技術，分別用於降低功率損耗及提升轉換增益、瑪遜巴倫(Marchand Balun)用於將LO輸入訊號由單端轉雙端及將RF輸出訊號由雙端轉單端。量測結果表示此低功耗高轉換增益之CMOS升頻混波器應用於 60 GH頻帶射頻積體電路非常具有前景。 第二部份為一V-Band升頻混波器除了沿用第一部份所使用的電路架構，另外又採用疊接轉導級架構，使其能夠提升轉換增益之外，亦能降低功率損耗(電流再利用)。此升頻混波器在轉換增益和功率損耗有出色的表現。此外，LO-RF隔離度和IF頻寬特性比第一部份之混波器較佳。 第三部份為一應用於77~81 GHz短距離汽車雷達之具有低功耗、高增益及高隔離度的CMOS升頻混波器。此升頻混波器包括: 一雙平衡式吉伯特單元;其含電流注入和雙負電阻補償技術，分別用於降低功率損耗及提升轉換增益、瑪遜巴倫(Marchand Balun)用於將LO輸入訊號由單端轉雙端及將RF輸出訊號由雙端轉單端。量測結果表示此含有雙負電阻補償技術之CMOS升頻混波器應用於 W-Band頻帶射頻積體電路非常具有前景。[[abstract]]This thesis mainly utilizes standard TSMC 90nm CMOS process technology to implement up-conversion mixers for V-band and W-band. The thesis is composed of three sections: In the first section, a 60 GHz double-balanced mixer for direct up-conversion is reported. The up-conversion mixer comprises a double-balanced Gilbert cell using current injection and negative resistance compensation techniques for power consumption reduction and conversion gain (CG) enhancement, respectively, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand balun for converting the differential RF output signal to single signal. The measured results indicate that this low-power CMOS up-conversion mixer with high CG is very promising for 60-GHz-band RFIC applications. In the second section, a V-band up-conversion mixer, which is utilizes the same technologies in the first section; moreover, it has cascode transconductance stage for conversion gain (CG) enhancement and power consumption reduction (current-reuse). This up-conversion mixer has excellent performance of conversion gain and power consumption. In addition, the LO-RF isolation and IF bandwidth are better than the mixer in section one. In the third section, a low-power CMOS up-conversion mixer with high CG and excellent LO-RF isolation for 77~81 GHz short range automotive radar is reported. The mixer comprises an enhanced double-balanced Gilbert cell with current injection for power consumption reduction, and dual negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement, a Marchand balun for converting the single LO input signal to differential signal, and another Marchand balun for converting the differential RF output signal to single signal. The measured result indicates that the proposed up-conversion mixer with dual negative resistance compensation is promising for W-band RFIC applications.[[note]]碩