Establish a Suitable Risk Assessment Model for Taiwan Medium & Small Enterprises

[[abstract]]本研究以個案銀行之信用風險評等表，結合銀行資深經理人提出之研究看法，所歸納之改良版風險評估模型，該改良版風險評估模型，除了增加基本風險檢核表，並因產業不同而調整評等參數，而增加其他之信用評等及財務指標評等，以降低銀行之授信風險。 本研究根據三個個案公司所提供的財務資料進行深入分析，分別套用個案銀行之風險評等表及改良版風險評估模型，而分別得出不同之評等，然三家個案公司套用改良版風險評估模型結果，其中個案A公司由原本B等變更為A等級，各項財務指標均呈現正向；個案B公司則因營運周轉天期太長，仍無法獲得銀行融資；個案C公司則因客戶集中度太高，而由B等變更為C等級。 綜合各項評等結果，產生中小企業主要之財務探討如：(1)應收帳款天期太長或久未收回、存貨囤積過多，導致現金週轉天期太長。(2) 可能因購置固定資產而以短期資金支應長期負債。(3)銀行貸款太高、或股東往來太高或是資本額過低，導致負債比率過高。(4) 可能因營收下滑或企業擴充太快、銀行借款太高，導致授營比率太高。(5) 稅前損益太低，可能因為管銷費用太高，或產品利潤太低，導致支付利息費用能力降低。(6) 單一客戶占企業銷售總額比重太高。(7) 企業主要經營者有使用個人信用貸款或卡循，支付公司營運週轉所需。 因此藉由以上企業財報可能產生之財務風險與弱項，然後給予財務規劃建議，以提供企業對財務報表應有之注意，並順利從金融機構取得所需資金。[[abstract]]In this study, we use bank's credit risk rating table, combined with bank senior managers proposed research views, summarized in the modified version of the risk assessment model. We add some checklists and different industries adjust the rating parameters to improve new version of the risk assessment model. By to doing this, we can reduce the bank's credit risk. In this study, we take three companies to support our research. And thru this case study, we based on the financial information provided by the company for in-depth analysis. We use new version of risk assessment to evaluate the risk and obtained different outcomes of credit ratings. We found interesting result to use new assessment methodology. A Company was given “A rating” from B because all the financial indicates were positive. While B Company can not obtain bank’s credit line due to its long operating days. For C Company, was given “C rating” for it’s over concentrating too few buyers. Consolidated results of the rating, resulting in major financial study of SMEs, such as: (1) Turnover of Accounts receivable is too long or long-lost recoverable excessive accumulation of inventories, which may lead to long turnover times of cash flow. (2) Purchase fixed assets lead long-term liabilities were supported by short-term funds. (3) Too many bank’s credit facilities or shareholder loan or low register capital bring in high debt ratio (4) May be due to declining sales or business expansion too fast, bank loans are too high, result in high loan/ sales ratio. (5) Income before income tax is too low, probably because of the high cost of management and marketing, or product profit is too low, resulting in reduced ability to pay interest charges. (6) Concentrating to few major clients bring in high proportion of a single customer to total sales. (7) Business owner using personal loans or credit cards to support company working capital needs. Through such new assessment to enterprises’ financial report by the possible financial risks and weaknesses. And then give financial planning advice to companies in the financial statements providing the proper attention and to obtain bank’s credit support successfully.[[note]]碩