The Impact of MNEs Behavior on Home Institutional Change: Evidence from Chinese MNEs Features and OFDI of Industry Transition

[[abstract]]伴隨市場全球化，國與國之間的經濟依賴程度越來越高，促使近年來多國籍企業(Multinational Enterprise，簡稱MNEs)的迅速發展，並成為全球經濟活動的主體。多國籍企業常藉由併購行為取得資源重新分配、促進產業轉型或提升本身的技術能力與競爭力，伴隨多國籍企業的成功案例，也將直接影響母國的制度環境。 像是中國IC設計產業，起步於1980年，至今已有約30年的歷史，起初IC設計產業公司的規模小，員工數約20人左右，屬中小企業居多。主要發展領域集中在通訊與消費性IC，較知名的有華潤矽科、矩力集成電路、大唐微電子、海爾集團的IC設計部門等。現在這些企業都已經愈來愈壯大，甚至像海爾集團更已邁向多國籍企業行列。當企業成長為多國籍企業後，都將直接影響該省份農業產業人口的轉移。 本研究主要在探討全球化趨勢之下，多國籍企業對外直接投資(Outward Foreign Direct Investment, OFDI)行為對母國產業轉型的影響，並以中國跨國企業為對象，樣本中採用台灣經濟情報(TEJ)的中國企業對外直接投資資料。該資料庫記錄1991-2010年之間324家有從事對外投資行為的中國企業，共有4,833起對外直接投資案。透過複迴歸分析(Multiple Regression Analysis)，分析結果發現，從中國多國籍企業的企業規模中，員工數較少、資本額較大，以及企業人員素質中，高等學歷人員佔總員工的比率之成長率低、還有企業國際化程度中，海外銷售成長率低、海外毛利成長率高，對於母國產業轉型有顯著影響。研究結果顯示此論點確實有助於解釋多國籍企業特色，以及對外直接投資行為會對母國產業由第一級產業農業轉型到第二級產業工業與第三級產業服務業有影響。[[abstract]]Accompanied by the globalization of markets, economic dependence between countries is getting higher and higher, prompting the rapid development in recent years Multinational Enterprise (MNEs), and become the main global economic activity. Multinational corporations often promote industrial restructuring or upgrade their technological capabilities and competitiveness via merge and acquisition. The success of MNCs will also directly affect the home country's institutional environment. Take China's IC design industry, started in 1980 for example. The size of the company of first IC design industry is small in early stage with a size of 20 employees. Their key development areas are concentrated in the communications and consumer IC. Such as Semico moment Semiconductor, DMT, Haier Group's IC design sector. Now these enterprises have been more and grow even more towards the top ranks of the multinational enterprise. MNCs indeed directly affect the transfer of the population of the province's agricultural industry. This study aims to explore foreign direct investment (Outward Foreign Direct Investment, OFDI) behavior MNEs and its compact upon the industrial transformation of the home country. The sample is adopted from dataset of Taiwan's economic intelligence (TEJ) during 1991-2010 year. There are 324 Chinese enterprises engaged in the behavior of foreign investment, a total of 4,833 foreign direct investment firm-year-project panel observations. Through multiple regression analysis, the analysis result revealed that firm size in terms of employee number, the quality of corporate human resource, the rate of growth of the high level of education of the total staff, and degree of internationalization of the firm in terms of overseas sales growth rate have significant negative impacts on the industrial transformation of the home country, while, the firm size, in terms of real capital, and overseas gross profit growth rate have significant positive impacts on the industrial transformation of the home country. The results show that this argument does help to explain MNEs features, as well as foreign direct investment behavior, could cause the home country industry shift from first-leveled agriculture industry to the second-leveled manufacture industry and third-leveled service industry.[[note]]碩